Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is a medical term for a low number of platelets in the blood. Platelets are blood cells that play an important role in regulating the formation of blood clots. When platelet counts are low, the risk of excessive bleeding rises. There are many causes of thrombocytopenia, ranging from benign (such as normal pregnancy) to life-threatening (such as overwhelming infection). Many are not considered preventable: examples include immune thrombocytopenia, leukemia and genetic causes. However, in some cases, medically important thrombocytopenia can be prevented. For example: • Viral hepatitis (which can lead to chronic liver disease and low platelets) – vaccination, following safer sex practices, and not using IV drugs or sharing needles can reduce the risk of viral hepatitis • Other infections – vaccinations, avoiding tick and mosquito bites, and tending to skin wounds are ways to prevent infections that could cause thrombocytopenia • Chronic liver disease due to alcohol consumption or excessive fat in the liver – moderating alcohol intake and maintaining a healthy weight may prevent these conditions • Toxin or medication-induced thrombocytopenia – Avoiding any medication that has caused thrombocytopenia in the past can prevent recurrent thrombocytopenia. Avoiding unnecessary medications may reduce the risk as well; this includes over-the-counter supplements, herbal preparations and quinine. Alcohol is an example of a “toxin” that may cause thrombocytopenia even without chronic liver disease. • Cancer-related thrombocytopenia – Routine screening and treatment can be helpful to prevent these. • Nutrition-related thrombocytopenia – Maintaining a balanced diet and addressing any nutritional deficiency (such as vitamin B12 deficiency) can prevent this complication..